Inventions in medieval Islam
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A significant number of inventions were developed in the medieval Islamic world, a geopolitical region that has at various times extended from Al-Andalus and Africa in the west to the Indian subcontinent and Malay Archipelago in the east.[1] Many of these inventions had direct implications for Fiqh-related issues.
Bernard Lewis explains the historical use of the term "Islam" in What Went Wrong? Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response:
The inventions listed here were developed during the Islamic Golden Age, which is usually dated from the 7th to 15th centuries. For later inventions developed after the Islamic Golden Age, see Inventions in the modern Islamic world."In English we use the word “Islam” with two distinct meanings, and the distinction is often blurred and lost and gives rise to considerable confusion. In the one sense, Islam is the counterpart of Christianity; that is to say, a religion in the strict sense of the word: a system of belief and worship. In the other sense, Islam is the counterpart of Christendom; that is to say, a civilization shaped and defined by a religion, but containing many elements apart from and even hostile to that religion, yet arising within that civilization."[2]
